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Sound Art - Electronic, Tape, Computer & Electroacoustic Music


Pytheas Sound Art
Contemporary Electroacoustic Music



Delia Derbyshire: Falling, from "The Dreams" (1964)




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Electroacoustic Pioneers, Manifestos, Inventions and Premieres

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Filippo Marinetti
(1876-1944) @ Wikipedia
Luigi Russolo (1883-1947) @ Wikipedia
Edgard Var?se (1883-1965)
Kurt Schwitters (1887-1948) @ Wikipedia
L?on Theremin (1896-1993)  -  the inventor of the Theremin (c.1919-20) @ Wikipedia
Tristan Tzara (1896-1963) @ Wikipedia
Maurice Martenot (1898-1980)  -  the inventor of the Ondes Martenot (1928) @ Wikipedia
~  ~  ~
c.1900
Magnetic Wire Recorder invented

~  ~  ~
George Antheil (1900-1959)
Otto Luening (1900-1996)
Pierre Schaeffer (1910-1995)
Josef Tal (1910-2008)
~  ~  ~  
1911
Balilla Pratella, "Technical Manifesto of Futurist Music"

~  ~  ~  
Vladimir Ussachevsky (1911-1990)
John Cage (1912-1992)
~  ~  ~  
1913
Luigi Russolo, "The Art of Noises"

~  ~  ~  
Milton Babbitt (1916-    )
Pietro Grossi (1917-2002) - pioneer of computer music
~  ~  ~  
c.1919-20
Theremin invented by L?on Theremin

~  ~  ~  
Iannis Xenakis (1922-2001)
Lejaren Hiller (1924-1994) - pioneer of computer
Luciano Berio (1925-2003)
Earle Brown (1926-2002)
Morton Feldman (1926-1987)
Gottfried Koenig (1926-    )
David Tudor (1926-1996)
Pierre Henry (1927-    ) - pioneer of the musique concr?te
~  ~  ~  
1928
Ondes Martenot invented by Maurice Martenot

~  ~  ~  
Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928-2007)
Robert Ashley (1930-    )
Mauricio Kagel (1931-2008)
Alvin Lucier (1931-    )
Fran?ois Bayle (1932-    )
Pauline Oliveros (1932-    )
Morton Subotnick (1933-    )
Mario Davidovsky (1934-    )
Christian Wolff (1934-    )
~  ~  ~  
1935
Audio Tape Recorder invented

~  ~  ~  
Gordon Mumma (1935-    )
Terry Riley (1935-    )
David Behrman (1937-    )
Delia Derbyshire (1937-2001)
~  ~  ~  

1948, October 5th
Pierre Schaeffer's "Etude aux chemins de fer" broadcast on French radio


1949
Elektronische Klangerzeugung: Elektronische Musik und Synthetische Sprache
(Stockhausen's thesis)


1956
Lejaren Hiller & Leonard Isaacson:Iliac Suite for String Quartet
. . . first complete work of computer-assisted composition


1956
Forbidden Planet - film score by Louis & Bebe Barron composed entirely
w/electronic circuits & tape recorders


1958
BBC Radiophonic Workshop established


early 1960's
Live electronics pioneered by members of Milton Cohen's "Space Theater" in Ann Arbor, Michigan


1963
Buchla Music Box, the first electronic synthesizer, invented by Don Buchla


1964
Moog Synthesizer invented by Robert Moog


1968
"Switched-On Bach" by Walter/Wendy Carlos and Benjamin Folkman released


1983, August
MIDI Specification 1.0 finalized



Sound Art Resources
Electronic Music
Electronic Music @ Wikipedia

Electronic Music @ jahsonic.com
Electronic Music @ mfiles
Electronic Music Composers @ Musicalics
Electronic Music @ Synthtopia/Pioneers of Electronic Music
Electro-Acoustic Music/Electronic Music - a guide to top electronic music websites @ Zeroland

electronicmusic.com
electro-music.com
The Electronic Century: A Historical Perspective (Joel Chadabe, The Electronic Matrix of Digital Technology)
    - Part I: Beginnings
    - Part II: Tales of the Tape
    - Part III: Computers and Analog
    - Part IV: The Seeds of the Future
Electronic Music Foundation Institute
Electronic Music Historical Overview @ Indiana University/Elechist
The History of Electronic Music @ pHinnWeb
History of Electronic and Computer Music, including Automatic Instruments and Composition Machines
    (compiled and annotated by Dr. Kristine H. Burns)
120 Years of Electronic Music

The Barrons: Forgotten Pioneers of Electronic Music (Susan Stone, NPR)
The Cambridge Companion to Electronic Music (Nicholas Collins, et al, Cambridge Univ Pr, books.google.com)
The Development of Electroacoustic Music in Colombia, 1965?1999: An Introduction (Lucio Edilberto Cuellar Camargo)
Electronic and Computer Music (Peter Manning, Oxford Univ Pr, books.google.com)
Electronic and Experimental Music: Technology, Music and Culture (Thom Holmes, Routledge, books.google.com)
Electronic and Experimental Music: Pioneers in Technology and Composition (Thom Holmes, Routledge, books.google.com)
Electronic Music History (Elaine Walker, ziaspace.com)
Electronic Music Interfaces (Joseph Paradiso, MIT Media Laboratory)
The History of Early Electronic Music and its Links to Today's Electronic Music (Lieven Bertels, YouTube)
A History of Electronic Music Pioneers (David Dunn)
How to Make Electronic Music (Beginner Guitar HQ Staff)
Living Electronic Music (Simon Emmerson, Ashgate Pub, books.google.com)
The Musical Significance of Electronic Music (Hubert S. Howe, Jr.)
Music Technology - electronic and digital (Free Journal)
OHM- The Early Gurus of Electronic Music (Jason Gross, Perfect Pitch Forever)
OHM - Electronic Music: Where Technology Becomes Art (Peter Gutmann, Classical Notes)
The Psychology of Electronic Music (Petri Toivianen)
Selected Examples of Electronic/Computer Music (Peter Gena)

Computer Music
A Chronology of Electronic and Computer Music and Related Events, 1906-2010 (Paul Doornbusch)
Computer Music @ Wikipedia
Electronic and Computer Music (Peter Manning, Oxford Univ Pr, books.google.com)
History of Electronic and Computer Music, including Automatic Instruments and Composition Machines
    (compiled and annotated by Dr. Kristine H. Burns)
Introduction to Computer Music - an electronic textbook (Jeffrey Hass)

Electroacoustic Music
Electroacoustic Music @ Wikipedia

Electroacoustic Composers @ Wikipedia
Electroacoustic Composers @ Facebook
Electro-Acoustic Music/Electronic Music - a guide to top electronic music websites @ Zeroland
Electroacoustic Music @ The Canadian Encyclopedia
Electroacoustic Music @ Intuitive Music
Electroacoustic Music @ Seamus Online
Electroacoustic Music @ Synthtopia

Analysis and Analyses of Electroacoustic Music (Laura Zattra, University of Padua)
Avant Garde Project - 20th Century Classical, Electroacoustic, Avant Garde Music
A Chronology of Electronic and Computer Music and Related Events, 1906-2010 (Paul Doornbusch)
The Development of Electroacoustic Music in Colombia, 1965?1999: An Introduction (Lucio Edilberto Cuellar Camargo)
EARS/ElectroAcoustic Resource Site
Electroacoustic Music: Analytical Perspectives (Thomas Licata, Greenwood Pub, books.google.com)
Electroacoustic Music in Mexico (Rodrigo Sigal, Centro Mexicano para la M?sica y las Artes Sonoras, Mexico)
A Journey of Sound Through the Electroacoustic Wires - Art and New Technologies in Latin America (Ricardo L. Dal Farra, University of Quebec, Montreal)
Juan Blanco: Cuba's Pioneer of Electroacoustic Music (Neil Leonard)
Latin American Electroacoustic Music Collection (Daniel Langlois Foundation for Art, Science, and Technology)
Musicology of Electroacoustic Music [MEM] (EARS/ElectroAcoustic Resource Site)
National Laboratory of Electroacustic Music (Laboratorio Nacional de Musica Electroacustica/LNME)
The Orchestra and Electroacoustic Music: A Challenging Mix (Sam Hamm)
A Perceptual Approach to the Description and Analysis of Acousmatic Music (W.L. Windsor, City University)
Robert Worby's Writings on Electroacoustic Music (Robert Worby)
Selected Discography of Women's Electro-acoustic Music (Ekho - Women in Sound Art)
sonosphere.org

Electronic, Computer and Electroacoustic Centers and Associations
Asociacion de Musica Electroacutica de Espana (AMEE) (Spain)
Boreal Electro-Acoustic Music Society (BEAMS) (Edmonton, AB, Canada)
Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (Stanford University)
Center for Contemporary Music (Mills College, Oakland, CA)
Center for New Music and Audio Technologies (UC Berkeley)
CNMAT/The Center for New Music and Audio Technologies (University of California at Berkeley)
Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center (New York, NY)
Conservatorium van Amsterdam - Electronic Music (Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
Cornell Electroacoustic Music Center (Cornell University)
DIEM/Danish Institute of Electronic Music
Electroacoustic Music (Ithaca College, NY)
Electroacoustic Music Studies Network (Electronic Music Foundation)
Electroacoustic Music Studios (Queen's University School of Music)
Electro-Acoustic Music Studios (University of KwaZulu-Natal)
Electroacoustic Music Studios & BEAST/Birmingham ElectroAcoustic Sound Theatre (University of Birmingham, UK)
Electronic Music Foundation Institute
Electronic Music Midwest (Lewis University, Romeoville, IL)
Electronic Music Studios (London)
Electronic Music Studios (University of California, Santa Cruz)
Electronic Music Studios (University of Iowa)
EMS/Elektronmusikstudion - Centre for electroacoustic music (Stockholm, Sweden)
FEMS/Florida Electroacoustic Music Studio (University of Florida School of Music)
Gassmann Electronic Music Studio (Claire Trevor School of the Arts, University of California, Irvine)
HUSEAC/Harvard University Studio for Electroacoustic Composition
International Computer Music Association
Int'l Confederation of Electroacoustic Music (ICEM)/La Conf?d?ration Internationale de Musique Electroacoustique (CIME)
International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression
Institute for Computer Music and Sound Technology/ICST (Zurich School of Music, Switzerland)
The Lab
Lejaren Hiller Computer Music Studios (University at Buffalo, NY)
McGill Electronic Music Studio (Concordia Archival Project)
The ONCE GROUP, the ONCE Festival of New Music & Milton Cohen's Space Theater in Ann Arbor, Michigan
Peabody Computer Music at John Hopkins University
Qwartz Electronic Music Awards
San Francisco Tape Center (San Francisco, CA)
Society for Electroacoustic Music of the Czech Republic
The Sonic Arts Union (1966-76)
Sonic Research Studio (Simon Fraser University)
SoundArtist.ru (Moscow, Russia)
Studio d'Essai (Paris)
The University of Texas at Austin Electronic Music Studios
Visual Music: IQBIT - Electronic Music Composer

Electronic, Computer and Electroacoustic Festivals
Electronic Music Midwest (Lewis University, Romeoville, IL)
San Francisco Electronic Music Festival (San Francisco, CA)
Sonic Circuits Festival of Experimental Music (Washington, DC)  -   September 2010
Spark Festival of Electronic Music and Arts (University of Minnesota)  2002-2010
Third Practice Electroacoustic Music Festival (Modlin Center for the Arts, University of Richmond, VA)


Selected Discography
Discography of Philips' "Prospective 21e Siecle" Series (compiled by Ed Maurer)
    - French pressings [41 titles]
    - Dutch pressings [1 title]
    - English pressings [4 titles; duplicates of French pressings]
    - Japanese pressings [3 titles; duplicates of French pressings]
    - Spanish pressings [1title; duplicate of French pressing]

Electronic Panorama: Paris, Tokyo, Utrecht, Warszawa (1970), 4 LPs [Philips' "Prospective 21st Siecle" Series]
(available online at  Internet Archive Avant Garde ProjectAGP 13    and    AGP 14 )
    LP 1: Groupe De Recherches Musicales De L'O.R.T.F.
        - Ivo Malec: Spot [1:35]
        - Luc Ferrari: Visage V [10:32]
        - Guy Reibel: 2 Variations En ?toile [16:42]
        - Bernard Parmegiani: Ponomatop?es [6:15]
        - Bernard Parmegiani: G?n?rique [1:15]
        - Pierre Schaeffer/Pierre Henry: Bidule En Ut [2:00]
        - Ivo Malec: Dahovi II [7:15]
        - Pierre Schaeffer: ?tude Aux Allures [3:28]
        - Fran?ois Bayle: Solitioude [2:15]
    LP 2: Studio Voor Elektronische Muziek Utrecht
        - Jaap Vink: Screen [7:30]
        - Milan Stibilj: Rainbow [3:25]
        - Frits Weiland: Textuur [4:16]
        - Jacob Cats: Lux [3:35]
        - Alireza Maschayeki: Shur [5:12]
        - Luctor Ponse: Radiophone [3:22]
        - Jos Kunst: Expulsion [9:00]
        - Gottfried Michael Koenig: Funktion Blau [6:11]
    LP 3: Studio Of Radio NHK, Tokyo
        - Toshiro Mayuzumi: Mandara [6:20]
        - Maki Ishii: Kyoō [13:15]
        - Minao Shibata: Improvisation [9:32]
        - Makoto Moroi: Shōsanke [13:20]
    LP 4: Studio Eksperymentalne Polskie Radio
        - Krzysztof Penderecki: Psalmus [5:05]
        - Andrzej Dobrowolski: Musique Pour Bande Magn?tique Et Hautbois Solo [9:00]
        - Arne Nordheim: Solitaire [12:00]
        - Włodzimierz Kotoński: Microstructures [8:02]
        - Bogusław Schaeffer: Symphonie [16:53] [performed according to the graphic score by Bohdan Mazurek]

Selected Discography of Women's Electro-acoustic Music (Ekho - Women in Sound Art)


. . . and more
from The Wizards Laboratory (1972) on YouTube
Clara Rockmore - the master of the notoriously difficult Theremin, and later championed by synthesizer-creator Bob Moog
Louis and Bebe Barron
Else Marie Pade
Elaine Radigue
Michele Bokanowski
Daphne Oram
Maddalena Fagandini
Glynis Jones
Elizabeth Parker
Yoko Ono
Pril Smiley
Daria Semegen
Wendy Carlos
Annette Peacock
Beatriz Ferreyra
Maggi Payne
Cynthia Webster

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