Aaron Copland (1900-1990)
In the
first half of the twentieth century, Aaron Copland was at the forefront
of American music. He was a skillful and determined composer who
incorporated jazz, European post-Romanticism, and even serialism into
his works. But it was his distinctively American pieces that have made
him famous -- they're vigorous, energetic, highly rhythmic and
extremely accessible, and Copland's original audiences loved them.
Listeners still do: Fanfare for the Common Man and the ballets Billy
the Kid, Rodeo and Appalachian Spring are burned into the American
psyche. But the appeal he has as a popular artist does not make for
work of poor quality. Even the most ostensibly jingoistic or simplistic
of his pieces is multilayered, incredibly dense and harmonically
sophisticated, revealing a formidable mind at work. For instance, the
composer's best-known ballet Appalachian Spring is a powerful and
emotional document of the pioneer spirit that subtly moves from austere
phrases to full, lush textures. The piece flirts with dissonance,
quotes from traditional folk tunes and utilizes effective and
propulsive changes in meter. Copland was shrewd enough to craft art
that still touches people, and talented enough to ensure it lasted
beyond his lifetime.- Will Lerner, real.com
COMPOSITIONS Copland Links ~ ~ ~ Works by Genre ~ ~ ~ Copland on Copland
Melancholy, voice and piano (1917, unpublished)
Spurned Love, voice and piano (1917, unpublished)
After Antwerp, voice and piano (1917, unpublished)
Three Song, voice & pf (1918) [My Heart is in the East; A Summer Vacation; Night] [pub w/"Alone", 1922 as "Four Early Songs"]
Simone, voice and piano (1919, unpublished)
The Cat and the Mouse: Scherzo humoristique, piano (1920)
Music I Have Heard, voice and piano (1920, unpublished)
Old Poem, voice and piano (1920)
Three Moods, piano (1920-1921) [Embittered; Wistful; Jazzy]
Petite Portrait (ABE), piano (1921) [originally a fourth “Mood” grouped with the Three Moods]
Pastorale, voice and piano (1921)
Une Chanson, voice and piano (1921, unpublished)
Reconnaissance, voice and piano (1921, unpublished)
Movement for String Quartet (1921) [incorporated into the Symphony for Organ and Orchestra]
Four Motets, chorus (1921)
Passacaglia, piano (1922)
Alone, voice and piano (1922) [published w/"Three Songs", 1918 as "Four Early Songs"]
Cortege Macabre, orchestra (1923)
As It Fell upon a Day, voice, flute, and clarinet (1923)
Symphony for Organ and Orchestra (1924) (rev. as Sym No. 1; mvt 1 arr. as Prelude for Chamber Orchestra, 1928)
Jazz Song, voice and piano (c. 1924) [wordless song]
Grohg, ballet (1922-1925)
Dance Symphony, orchestra (1925)
Music for the Theatre, chamber orchestra (1925)
The House on the Hill, women's chorus (1925) [often grouped together with next as “Two Choruses”]
An Immorality, women's chorus, soprano and piano (1925) [often grouped together with previous as “Two Choruses”]
Five Sentimental Melodies, piano (1926, incomplete and unpubl. as a suite) [based on "Jazz Song" & Piano Concerto sketches]
Sentimental Melody (Slow Dance), piano (1926) [ No. 1 from Five Sentimental Melodies]
Two Pieces for Violin and Piano (1926) [I. Nocturne II. Ukelele Serenade]
Concerto for Piano and Orchestra (1926)
Poet's Song, voice and piano (1927)
Vocalise-Étude, voice and piano (1928)
Two Pieces for String Quartet/Orchestra (Lento molto, 1923-1924; Rondino, 1928)
Symphony No. 1 (1927-1928) [revision of Symphony for Organ and Orchestra]
Symphonic Ode, orchestra (1927-1929)
Vitebsk: Study on a Jewish Theme for Piano, Violin and Violoncello (1929)
Piano Variations (1930)
Miracle at Verdun, incidental music (1931) – unpublished
Elegies for Violin and Viola (1932) – unpublished; material used in Statements and Third Symphony
Short Symphony (“Symphony no. 2”) (1933) [arr. as Sextet for piano, clarinet & string quartet, 1937]
Into the Streets May First, song for voice (or unison chorus) and piano (1934)
Hear Ye! Hear Ye!, ballet (1934) [a section of this ballet became the 2nd of the Four Piano Blues, 1948]
Statements, orchestra (1934)
Piano Blues, piano (1934; published as second of "Four Piano Blues", 1926-48)
Sunday Afternoon Music, piano (1935)
The Young Pioneers, piano (1935)
What Do We Plant?, two-part treble-voice chorus and piano (1936)
El Salón México, orchestra (1936)
Ballade of Ozzie Powell, chorus and piano (1936-37) – incomplete; used in Music for Radio
Music for Radio (“Saga of the Prairie”), radio orchestra (1937; rev. as Prairie Journal, 1968)
The Second Hurricane, opera (1937)
Signature for the High-Low Concerts, chamber orch (1938) – unpublished; reused in An Outdoor Overture
An Outdoor Overture, orchestra (1938; for band, 1941)
We've Come (Banau), voice and piano (trad. song arr. 1938)
Lark, baritone and chorus (1938)
Billy the Kid, ballet (1938)
From Sorcery to Science, incidental music (1939)
Five Kings, incidental music for Shakespeare’s chronicle plays, adapted by Orson Welles (1939)–unpublished
The City, film score (1939) [2 sections used in Music for the Movies]
Of Mice and Men, film score (1939) [2 sections of the score appear in Music for the Movies]
John Henry, radio orchestra (1940)
Our Town, film score (1940)[Suite, 1940; 3 Piano Excerpts, 1944; also in Music for the Movies – all different]
Quiet City, trumpet, English horn and string orchestra (1940)
Piano Sonata (1939-1941)
Episode, organ (1941)
Music for the Movies, orch (1942) [from films Of Mice and Men (II, V), Our Town (IV), The City (I, III)]
Fanfare for the Common Man, brass and percussion (1942)
Lincoln Portrait, narrator and orchestra (1942)
Rodeo, ballet (1942) [Four Dance Episodes from Rodeo, orchestra, 1942]
Las Agachadas (The Shake-Down Song), chorus (1942)
Danzón Cubano, 2 pianos (1942; arr. for orchestra, 1946)
Sonata for Violin and Piano (1943)
The North Star, film score (1943) – unpublished
- Song of the Guerrillas, voice and piano; or chorus and piano (1943) [from the film score "North Star", 1943]
- The Younger Generation, voice and piano; or chorus (1943) [from the film score "North Star", 1943]
- No Village Like Mine, voice and piano (1943) [from the film score "North Star", 1943]
Letter from Home, radio orchestra (1944)
Appalachian Spring, ballet (1944) [Suite, 1945; excerpt “Shaker Variations”, arr. for band, 1956] [winner of Pulitzer Prize]
Jubilee Variation, orchestra (1944-1945) [2’; from work of variations on a theme by Eugene Goossens]
Tragic Ground, musical (1945) – unfinished [Tragic Ground is the source of “I Bought Me a Cat”, Old Amer Songs, Set I and Zion’s Walls, Old Amer Songs, Set II; also drawn on for The Red Pony, The Tender Land and Dance Panels]
The Cummington Story, film score (1945) – unpublished
Third Symphony, orchestra (1944-1946)
In the Beginning, mezzo-soprano and chorus (1947)
Four Piano Blues, piano (1947, 1934, 1948, 1926) [No. 4 from Five Sentimental Melodies]
The Red Pony, film score (1948) [Suite 1948]
Concerto for Clarinet and String Orchestra (1947-1949)
The Heiress, film score (1949) – unpublished
Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, chorus and orchestra (1949)
Preamble for a Solemn Occasion, narrator (optional) and orchestra (1949; arr. for band, 1973)
Twelve Poems of Emily Dickinson, voice and piano (1949-1950)
[Eight of the poems – 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, and 12 – were orchestrated by Copland in the years between 1958 and 1970. When performed as a group they go under the title “8 Poems of Emily Dickinson”]
Quartet for Piano and Strings (1950)
Pied Piper, ballet (1951) [Jerome Robbins' choreography to Concerto for Clarinet and String Orchestra, 1949]
Old American Songs. Set I & II, voice and piano/orch) (1950; 1952)
Dirge in Woods, voice and piano (1954)
The Tender Land, opera (1954) [Suite, 1957-1958]
- Laurie's Song, voice and piano (1954) [from "The Tender Land", 1954]
Canticle of Freedom, chorus and orchestra (1955; rev. 1967)
Piano Fantasy (1955-1957)
Orchestral Variations (1957)
The World of Nick Adams, television score (1957) - unpublished
Two Ballads for Violin and Piano (1957) – unpublished [realized by B. Lerner and P. Ramey from sketches]
Two Mexican Pieces, chamber orchestra (1959) [expanded as Three Latin-American Sketches in 1971]
Dance Panels, ballet (1959; rev. 1962)
Nonet, 3 violins, 3 violas, 3 cellos (1960)
Something Wild, film score (1961) [(Suite:) Music for a Great City, 1964]
Connotations, orchestra (1961-1962)
Down a Country Lane, piano (1962; arr. for school orchestra, 1965)
Emblems, band (1964)
Signature - CBS Playhouse, television score, brass, percussion and strings (1966) – unpublished
An Evening Air, piano (1966) [an excerpt from The Cummington Story]
Inscape, orchestra (1967)
String Quartet (1968) [Copland's final twelve-tone work, extant as sketches only]
Ceremonial Fanfare, brass (1969)
Happy Anniversary, orchestra (1969) [On the tune “Happy Birthday to You”]
Inaugural Fanfare, band (1969)
Duo for Flute and Piano (1970-1971)
Three Latin-American Sketches, orchestra (1971)
Threnody No. 1: Igor Stravinsky in Memoriam, flute and string trio (1971)
Threnody No. 2: Beatrice Cunningham in Memoriam, alto flute and string trio (1973)
Night Thoughts (Homage to Ives), piano (1977)
Midsummer Nocturne, piano (1977)
Mid-Day Thoughts, piano (1982)
Proclamation for Piano (1982) [ published with Mid-Day Thoughts as “Two Piano Pieces”]
WORKS BY GENRE Copland Links ~ ~ ~ Copland on Copland ~ top of page ~
Dramatic/Theater
The Second Hurricane, opera (1937)
Tragic Ground, musical (1945) – unfinished [Tragic Ground is the source of “I Bought Me a Cat”, Old Amer Songs, Set I and Zion’s Walls, Old Amer Songs, Set II; also drawn on for The Red Pony, The Tender Land and Dance Panels]
The Tender Land, opera (1954) [Suite, 1957-1958]
Ballet
Grohg, ballet (1922-1925)
Hear Ye! Hear Ye!, ballet (1934) [a section of this ballet became the 2nd of the Four Piano Blues, 1948]
Billy the Kid, ballet (1938)
Rodeo, ballet (1942) [Four Dance Episodes from Rodeo, orchestra, 1942]
Appalachian Spring, ballet (1944) [Suite, 1945; excerpt “Shaker Variations”, arr. for band, 1956] [winner of Pulitzer Prize]
Pied Piper, ballet (1951) [Jerome Robbins' choreography to Concerto for Clarinet and String Orchestra, 1949]
Dance Panels, ballet (1959; rev. 1962)
Orchestra
Cortege Macabre, orchestra (1923)
Dance Symphony, orchestra (1925)
Music for the Theatre, chamber orchestra (1925)
Two Pieces for String Quartet/Orchestra (Lento molto, 1923-1924; Rondino, 1928)
Symphony No. 1 (1927-1928) [revision of Symphony for Organ and Orchestra]
Symphonic Ode, orchestra (1927-1929)
Short Symphony (“Symphony no. 2”) (1933) [arr. as Sextet for piano, clarinet & string quartet, 1937]
Statements, orchestra (1934)
El Salón México, orchestra (1936)
Music for Radio (“Saga of the Prairie”), radio orchestra (1937; rev. as Prairie Journal, 1968)
Signature for the High-Low Concerts, chamber orch (1938) – unpublished; reused in An Outdoor Overture
An Outdoor Overture, orchestra (1938; for band, 1941)
John Henry, radio orchestra (1940)
Quiet City, trumpet, English horn and string orchestra (1940)
Music for the Movies, orch (1942) [from films Of Mice and Men (II, V), Our Town (IV), The City (I, III)]
Fanfare for the Common Man, brass and percussion (1942)
Lincoln Portrait, narrator and orchestra (1942)
Four Dance Episodes from Rodeo, orchestra (1942) [from Rodeo, ballet, 1942]
Letter from Home, radio orchestra (1944)
Appalachian Spring, Suite, orchestra (1945) [from ballet, 1944]
Jubilee Variation, orchestra (1944-1945) [2’; from work of variations on a theme by Eugene Goossens]
Third Symphony, orchestra (1944-1946)
The Red Pony, Suite, orchestra (1948) [from film score]
Preamble for a Solemn Occasion, narrator (optional) and orchestra (1949; arr. for band, 1973)
The Tender Land, Suite, orchestra (1957-58) [from opera, 1954]
Orchestral Variations (1957)
Two Mexican Pieces, chamber orchestra (1959) [expanded as Three Latin-American Sketches in 1971]
Music for a Great City, orchestra (1964) [Suite from Something Wild, film score, 1961]
Connotations, orchestra (1961-1962)
Down a Country Lane (1962; arr. for school orchestra, 1965) [from original piano piece]
Inscape, orchestra (1967)
Ceremonial Fanfare, brass (1969)
Happy Anniversary, orchestra (1969) [On the tune “Happy Birthday to You”]
Three Latin-American Sketches, orchestra (1971)
Band
An Outdoor Overture, orchestra (1938; for band, 1941)
Appalachian Spring, Suite (1945) [excerpt “Shaker Variations”, arr. for band, 1956]
Preamble for a Solemn Occasion, narrator (optional) and orchestra (1949; arr. for band, 1973)
Emblems, band (1964)
Ceremonial Fanfare, brass (1969)
Inaugural Fanfare, band (1969)
Soloist(s) w/Orchestra
Symphony for Organ and Orchestra (1924) (rev. as Sym No. 1; mvt 1 arr. as Prelude for Chamber Orchestra, 1928)
Concerto for Piano and Orchestra (1926)
Concerto for Clarinet and String Orchestra (1947-1949)
Chorus w/Orchestra
Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, chorus and orchestra (1949)
Canticle of Freedom, chorus and orchestra (1955; rev. 1967)
Choral
Four Motets, chorus (1921)
The House on the Hill, women's chorus (1925) [often grouped together with next as “Two Choruses”]
An Immorality, women's chorus, soprano and piano (1925) [often grouped together with previous as “Two Choruses”]
Into the Streets May First, song for voice (or unison chorus) and piano (1934)
What Do We Plant?, two-part treble-voice chorus and piano (1936)
Ballade of Ozzie Powell, chorus and piano (1936-37) – incomplete; used in Music for Radio
Lark, baritone and chorus (1938)
Las Agachadas (The Shake-Down Song), chorus (1942)
Song of the Guerrillas, male chorus w/baritone solo and piano (1943) [from the film score "North Star", 1943]
The Younger Generation, chorus (1943) [from the film score "North Star", 1943]
In the Beginning, mezzo-soprano and chorus (1947)
Chamber
Movement for String Quartet (1921) [incorporated into the Symphony for Organ and Orchestra]
Two Pieces for String Quartet/Orchestra (Lento molto, 1923-1924; Rondino, 1928)
Vitebsk: Study on a Jewish Theme for Piano, Violin and Violoncello (1929)
Elegies for Violin and Viola (1932) – unpublished; material used in Statements and Third Symphony
Quartet for Piano and Strings (1950)
Nonet, 3 violins, 3 violas, 3 cellos (1960)
String Quartet (1968) [Copland's final twelve-tone work, extant as sketches only]
Duo for Flute and Piano (1970-1971)
Threnody No. 1: Igor Stravinsky in Memoriam, flute and string trio (1971)
Threnody No. 2: Beatrice Cunningham in Memoriam, alto flute and string trio (1973)
Solo Instrument
Two Pieces for Violin and Piano (1926) [I. Nocturne II. Ukelele Serenade]
Sonata for Violin and Piano (1943)
Two Ballads for Violin and Piano (1957) – unpublished [realized by B. Lerner and P. Ramey from sketches]
Duo for Flute and Piano (1970-1971)
Piano/Organ
The Cat and the Mouse: Scherzo humoristique, piano (1920)
Three Moods, piano (1920-1921) [Embittered; Wistful; Jazzy]
Petite Portrait (ABE), piano (1921) [originally a fourth “Mood” grouped with the "Three Moods", 1920-21]
Passacaglia, piano (1922)
Five Sentimental Melodies, piano (1926, incomplete and unpubl. as a suite) [based on "Jazz Song" & Piano Concerto sketches]
No. 1 - "Blues No. 1", piano (1926) - which became "Sentimental Melody", 1926
No. 2 - "Blues No. 2", piano (1926) - which became fourth of "Four Piano Blues", 1926-48
No. 3 - "Homage a Milhaud", piano (1926) - used as basis of "Dove Dance " from "Hear Ye, Hear Ye!" and "Piano Blues" no. 2
No. 4 - [incomplete?, or never written?]
No. 5 - [incomplete?, or never written?]
Sentimental Melody (Slow Dance), piano (1926) [ No. 1 from Five Sentimental Melodies]
Piano Variations (1930)
Piano Blues, piano (1934; published as second of "Four Piano Blues", 1926-48)
Sunday Afternoon Music, piano (1935)
The Young Pioneers, piano (1935)
3 Piano Excerpts, 1944 [from Our Town, film score, 1940]
- Story of Our Town; Conversation at the Soda Fountain; The Resting-place on the Hill
Piano Sonata (1939-1941)
Episode, organ (1941)
Danzón Cubano, 2 pianos (1942; arr. for orchestra, 1946)
Four Piano Blues, piano (1947, 1934, 1948, 1926) [No. 4 from Five Sentimental Melodies]
Piano Fantasy (1955-1957)
Down a Country Lane, piano (1962; arr. for school orchestra, 1965)
An Evening Air, piano (1966) [an excerpt from The Cummington Story]
Night Thoughts (Homage to Ives), piano (1977)
Midsummer Nocturne, piano (1977)
Mid-Day Thoughts, piano (1982)
Proclamation for Piano (1982) [ published with Mid-Day Thoughts as “Two Piano Pieces”]
Vocal
Melancholy, voice and piano (1917, unpublished)
Spurned Love, voice and piano (1917, unpublished)
After Antwerp, voice and piano (1917, unpublished)
Three Song, voice & pf (1918) [My Heart is in the East; A Summer Vacation; Night] [pub w/"Alone", 1922 as "Four Early Songs"]
Simone, voice and piano (1919, unpublished)
Music I Have Heard, voice and piano (1920, unpublished)
Old Poem, voice and piano (1920)
Pastorale, voice and piano (1921)
Une Chanson, voice and piano (1921, unpublished)
Reconnaissance, voice and piano (1921, unpublished)
Alone, voice and piano (1922) [published w/"Three Songs", 1918 as "Four Early Songs"]
As It Fell upon a Day, voice, flute, and clarinet (1923)
Jazz Song, voice and piano (c. 1924) [wordless song]
Poet's Song, voice and piano (1927)
Vocalise-Étude, voice and piano (1928)
Into the Streets May First, song for voice (or unison chorus) and piano (1934)
We've Come (Banau), voice and piano (trad. song arr. 1938)
Lark, baritone and chorus (1938)
Song of the Guerrillas, voice and piano (1943) [from the film score "North Star", 1943]
The Younger Generation, voice and piano (1943) [from the film score "North Star", 1943]
No Village Like Mine, voice and piano (1943) [from the film score "North Star", 1943]
In the Beginning, mezzo-soprano and chorus (1947)
Twelve Poems of Emily Dickinson, voice and piano (1949-1950)
- I. Nature, the gentlest mother
- II. There came a wind like a bugle
- III. Why do they shut me out of Heaven?
- IV. The world feels dusty
- V. Heart, we will forget him
- VI. Dear March, come in!
- VII. Sleep is supposed to be
- VIII. When they come back
- IX. I felt a funeral in my brain
- X. I’ve heard an organ talk sometimes
- XI. Going to Heaven!
- XII. The Chariot
[Eight of the poems – 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, and 12 – were orchestrated by Copland in the years between 1958 and 1970. When performed as a group they go under the title “8 Poems of Emily Dickinson”]
Old American Songs, Sets I & II (10 songs), voice and piano/orch (1950; 1952)
Set I
- I. The Boatmen’s Dance (Minstrel song – 1843)
- II. The Dodger (Campaign song)
- III. Long Time Ago (Ballad)
- IV. Simple Gifts (Shaker song)
- V. I Bought Me a Cat (Children’s song)
Set II
- I. The Little Horses (lullaby)
- II. Zion’s Walls (revivalist song)
- III. The Golden Willow Tree (Anglo-American ballad)
- IV. At the River (Hymn tune)
- V. Ching-A-Ring Chaw (Minstrel song)
Dirge in Woods, voice and piano (1954)
Laurie's Song, voice and piano (1954) [from "The Tender Land", 1954]
Incidental/Film
Miracle at Verdun, incidental music (1931) – unpublished
From Sorcery to Science, incidental music (1939)
Five Kings, incidental music for Shakespeare’s chronicle plays, adapted by Orson Welles (1939)–unpublished
The City, film score (1939) [2 sections used in Music for the Movies]
Of Mice and Men, film score (1939) [2 sections of the score appear in Music for the Movies]
Our Town, film score (1940)[Suite, 1940; 3 Piano Excerpts, 1944; also in Music for the Movies – all different]
The North Star, film score (1943) – unpublished [The following excerpts from the film were published: “Song of the Guerrillas;” “The Younger Generation;” “ No Village Like Mine.” The first two were published both as solo songs and as choral numbers, the last as a solo song only.]
The Cummington Story, film score (1945) – unpublished
The Red Pony, film score (1948) [Suite 1948]
The Heiress, film score (1949) – unpublished
The World of Nick Adams, television score (1957) - unpublished
Something Wild, film score (1961) [(Suite:) Music for a Great City, 1964]
Signature - CBS Playhouse, television score, brass, percussion and strings (1966) – unpublished
COPLAND LINKS Works by Genre ~ ~ ~ Copland on Copland ~ top of page ~
Aaron Copland School of Music
Aaron Copland Fund for Music, Inc.
Aaron Copland: Capturing the Language of Emily Dickinson (Poets.org)
Aaron Copland - Appalachian Spring Suite (Los Angeles Philharmonic)
Aaron Copland at 100 (Paul Varnell, Independent Gay Forum)
Aaron Copland - Celluloid Copland (Michael McDonagh, Classical Music Reviews)
Aaron Copland: His Music Taught Americans About Themselves (VOA News)
Aaron Copland Meets The Shakers (Roger Hall, American Music Preservation)
Aaron Copland Talks About Film Music (Roger Hall, Soundtrack)
Aaron Copland, Wild West Music (Tel Asiado, Suite101.com)
Aaron Copland: Writing the Soundtrack of the American West (Bill Morelock, Minnesota Public Radio)
Books of The Times; Aaron Copland's Reticence About Himself and His Art (John Rockwell, The New York Times)
Copland Will Rock You (Alex Ross, The Rest is Noise)
Conscience vs. McCarthy: the Political Aaron Copland (Bill Morelock, Minnesota Public Radio)
Copland and the American Sound (Keeping the Score - San Fransisco Symphony/multi-media)
Copland Portrait - A Film by Terry Sanders (American Film Foundation)
Simple Gifts? Copland Connotations - Studies and Interviews (David Thompson, Music & Vision)
Books
What to Listen for in Music (Aaron Copland, books.google.com)
Aaron Copland - A Guide to Research (Marta Robertson, Robin Armstrong, books.google.com)
Aaron Copland - The Life and Work of an Uncommon Man (Howard Pollack, books.google.com)
Aaron Copland - A Reader: Selected Writings 1923-1972 (books.google.com)
Copland on Music (Aaron Copland)
The Dickinson Songs of Aaron Copland (Larry Starr, Michael J. Budds, books.google.com)
Music for the Common Man: Aaron Copland During the Depression and War (Elizabeth Crist, books.google.com)
Copland @ Wikipedia
Copland @ 8notes.com
Copland @ American Composers Orchestra
Copland @ America's Library
Copland @ Answers.com
Copland @ Art and Culture
Copland @ Art of the States
Copland @ Ballet Met Columbus
Copland @ Bard Music Festival
Copland @ Boosey & Hawkes
Copland @ Classic Cat
Copland @ Classical Composers Database
Copland @ Classical Music Archives
Copland @ Classical Net
Copland @ Copland House
Copland @ DSO Kids (Dallas Symphony Orchestra)
Copland @ Dr. Estrella's Incredibly Abridged Dictionary of Composers
Copland @ Essentials of Music
Copland @ Find a Grave
Copland @ glbtq.com
Copland @ Heckscher Museum of Art
Copland @ IMDb (Internet Movie Database)
Copland @ infography
Copland @ Infoplease
Copland @ Jepsen Leadership Forum
Copland @ Karadar Classical Music
Copland @ The Kennedy Center
Copland @ LeonardBernstein.com
Copland @ The Library of Congress
Copland @ lichtensteiger.de
Copland @ Los Angeles Philharmonic
Copland @ Lucidcafe
Copland @ Mahalo
Copland @ mfiles
Copland @ The Micheal O'Neil Singers
Copland @ MSO Kids (Memphis Symphony Orchestra)
Copland @ Music Academy Online
Copland @ musicianguide.com
Copland @ MyWire
Copland @ National Park Service
Copland @ NewMusicBox
Copland @ The New York Times
Copland @ W.W. Norton
Copland @ Notable Biographies
Copland @ PBS's American Masters
Copland @ Piano Society
Copland @ REC Foundation/The Lied and Art Song Texts Page
Copland @ Schott Music
Copland @ Singers.com
Copland @ Soundtrack Express
Copland @ spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk
Copland @ Spectrum Biographies
Copland @ Suite101.com
Copland @ The United States Army Field Band
Copland @ United States Marine Band
Copland @ US Opera
Copland @ Virginia Tech Multimedia
Copland @ wiseGEEK
Publisher
Copland @ Boosey & Hawkes
Copland @ Schott Music
Streaming Audio
Copland @ American Icons
Copland @ Art of the States
Copland @ BBC Radio 4
Copland @ The Classical MIDI Connection
Copland @ Classical Music Archives
Copland @ Classics for Kids
Copland @ last.fm
Copland @ MidiWorld
Copland @ W.W. Norton
Copland @ NPRmusic
Copland @PRX (Public Radio Exchange)
Copland @ Rhapsody
Copland @ Saint Paul Sunday
Copland @ San Fransisco Symphony - Keeping the Score (multi-media)
Copland @ WGBH - Creative Mind: The Musician as Creator
Recordings
Copland @ ArchivMusic
Copland @ ClassicsOnline
Video
Copland @ YouTube
Copland @ Google Video
Copland @ Vimeo
~ top of page ~
Copland on Copland: Day at Night with James Day/CUNY TV (VIDEO)
Copland on Copland: A Portrait/US Information Service (VIDEO)
Aaron Copland and the American Sound/PBS (Interactive Media)
Composers
Speak on the Web at Pytheas~ click on composer picture to listen ~
Copland on Copland: About American Composers & Jazz (streaming audio)
Copland on Copland: Interview w/Studs Terkel (streaming audio)
Composers
Speak on the Web at Pytheas~ click on composer picture to listen ~
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