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Ernest Bloch (1880-1959)

Ernest Bloch, composerA highly individual composer, Ernest Bloch did not pioneer any new style in music but spoke with a distinctive voice into which he could assimilate folk influences, 12-tone technique, and even coloristic quarter tones. In a stylistically atomized century his interests were universal, and his music was both beloved by the public and inspirational for a younger and more academically oriented generation. His father was the quintessential Swiss, a well-off manufacturer of watches and clocks, including cuckoo clocks. Ernest had a diverse musical training that included advanced violin training, study of eurhythmics with Émile Jacques-Dalcroze; he traveled from Switzerland to Belgium, Munich, and Paris in due course. Bloch wrote prolifically in his student years but did not publish any of his works. His music began to attract interest, and in 1910 his opera Macbeth was staged in Paris to a mostly uncomprehending audience. About this time he began writing music with specifically Jewish aspects in subject matter, reflected by orientalisms in the melodies - often derived from Jewish worship chants and folk music. Some of the best known compositions of this series are the violin work Baal-Shem, an Israel Symphony, and Schelomo, a tone poem that also is one of the great cello concertos. In 1916 he traveled to the U.S. as conductor for the Maud Allan dance company. The outfit went broke, stranding him in Ohio. The composer was thus forced to remain in America, but he soon found success as a composer, conductor, and music school administrator and teacher. In 1924 he took American citizenship. He became director of the San Francisco Conservatory in 1925 and in 1927 won first prize in a contest sponsored by Musical America with his composition America, an Epic Rhapsody. He returned to Switzerland in 1930, and mostly lived there for the next decade. He composed and traveled widely in Europe to conduct his works. The rise of Nazism in Germany and a desire to retain his U.S. citizenship prompted a return to that country before World War II broke out. He settled at scenic Agate Beach, Oregon, and was appointed a professor at the University of California in Berkeley, teaching summer courses until he retired in 1952. During both of his American teaching careers he shaped the early careers of an enviable list of successful students, including Antheil, Kirchner, and Sessions.
-  Joseph Stevenson/AllMusic

COMPOSITIONS                                                            Bloch Links     ~ ~ ~     Works by Genre    ~ ~ ~    Bloch on Bloch
Andante, string quartet (1895; unpublished; juvenilia)
Symphonie Funebre, piano (1895; unpublished; juvenilia)
Five Inventions, for 2, 3, and 4 voices (1896; unpublished; juvenilia)
Pastorale, piano (1896; unpublished; juvenilia)
Quartet, strings (1896; unpublished; juvenilia)
Symphonie orientale, orchestra (1896; unpublished; juvenilia)
Berceuse in D-flat major, piano (1896; unpublished; juvenilia)
Fantaisie, violin and piano (1897; unpublished; juvenilia)
Five Inventions, for 2, 3, and 4 voices, and organ or piano (1896; unpublished; juvenilia)
Larmes d'automne, voice and piano (1897; unpublished; juvenilia)
Le Saule, voice and piano (1897; unpublished; juvenilia)
Meditation [Ab major], violin and organ (1897; unpublished; juvenilia)
Musette, voice and piano (1897; unpublished; juvenilia)
Regrets, piano (1897; unpublished; juvenilia)
Sonata, cello and piano (1897; unpublished; juvenilia)
Fantaisie-Lied, violin and piano (1898; unpublished; juvenilia)
La-Bas, voice and piano (1898; unpublished; juvenilia)
Lied, piano (1898; unpublished; juvenilia)
Orientale, orchestra (1898; unpublished; juvenilia)
Poeme concertante, violin and orchestra (1898; unpublished; juvenilia)
Pres de la mer, voice and piano (1898; unpublished; juvenilia)
Serenade, violin and piano (1898; unpublished; juvenilia)
Concerto, violin and piano (1899; unpublished; juvenilia) [revised from "Poeme concertante", 1898]
Danses-Populaires, orchestra (1899; unpublished; juvenilia) [2 mvts: Tres rhythme; Ronde]
Menuet [G minor], piano (1899; unpublished; juvenilia)
Lied [F major], voice and piano (1900; unpublished; juvenilia)
Lied [Bb major], voice and piano (1900; unpublished; juvenilia)
Vivre - aimer, symphonic poem, orchestra (1900; unpublished; juvenilia)
Symphony in C# minor, orchestra (1901-03; fp. 1910)
Historiettes au Crépuscule (4 songs), mezzo-soprano and piano (1903-04) [text: Camille Mauclair]
Hiver, symphonic poem, orchestra (1904-05; fp. 1906)
Printemps, symphonic poem, orchestra (1904-05; fp. 1906)
Poèmes d'Automne (4 songs), mezzo-soprano and orchestra (1906) [text: Beatrix Rodes]
Macbeth, opera in 3 acts (1904-09) [libretto: E. Fleg]
Trois Poèmes Juifs (Three Jewish Poems), orchestra (1913; fp. 1917)
Ex-voto, piano (1914)
Prelude and Two Psalms, soprano and orch (1912-14) [text: Edmond Fleg] [Deux Psaumes, précédés d'un prélude orchestral]
Psaume 22, baritone and orchestra (1914)
Israel, Symphony for Orchestra and 5 Solo Voices [4 women's voices and bass solo] (1912-16) [text: Ernest Bloch]
    - Adonai, Elohim, 5 solo voices and piano (1912-16) [arr. of last mvt of "Israel Symphony"]
Schelomo, rhapsodie hébraïque, cello and orchestra (1915-16; fp. 1917)
String Quartet No. 1 (1916)
Violin Sonata No. l, violin and piano (1920)
Suite, viola and orchestra (1919-20) [also for viola and piano]
Four Circus Pieces, piano (1922)
In the Night, a love poem, piano or orchestra (1922)
Poems of the Sea (3 pieces), piano (1922) [also arr. for orch]
    - Poems of the Sea, orchestra (1922-23) [arr. from original work for piano]
Night, string quartet (1923 or 1925)
Paysages (Landscapes), 3 short pieces, string quartet (1923 or 1925)
Baal Shem, 3 pictures of Hassidic life, violin and piano (1923; arr. w/orch, 1939)
Danse sacree, piano (1923)
Enfantines, 10 pieces for children, piano (1923) [for young pianists]
Five Sketches in Sepia, piano (1923)
Mélodie, violin and piano (1923) [see also "Melody", 1929]
Nirvana, poem for piano (1923)
Piano Quintet No. 1, piano and string quartet (1921-23)
From Jewish Life (3 pieces), cello and piano (1924)
Meditation hebraique, cello and piano (1924)
Nuit exotique, violin and piano (1924)
Violin Sonata No. 2, "Poeme mystique", violin and piano (1924)
Three Nocturnes, violin, cello and piano (1924)
Concerto Grosso No. 1, string orchestra, w/piano obbligato (1924-25)
In the Mountains, 2 sketches for string quartet (1925)
Prélude (Recueillement), string quartet (1925)
America: An Epic Rhapsody in 3 Parts, chorus and orchestra (1926)
    - Anthem of America, chorus (or unison or female or male chorus) (1926) [from "America: An Epic Rhapsody"]
Four Episodes, chamber orchestra (1926; fp. 1927)
Abodah, violin and piano (1929)
Helvetia, orchestra (1900-29; fp. 1932)
Melody, violin and piano (1929) [see also "Mélodie", 1923]
Avodath Hakodesh (Sacred Service), baritone, chorus and orchestra (1933)
    - Silent Devotion and Response, chorus (1933) [from "Avodath Hakodesh" (Sacred Service)]
Piano Sonata (1935)
Voice in the Wilderness, symphonic poem, orchestra, w/cello obbligato (1936; fp. 1937)
    - Visions and Prophecies (5 pieces), piano (1936) [arr. from symphonic poem "Voice in the Wilderness"]
Evocations, orchestra, w/2 pianos (1937; fp. 1938)
Violin Concerto (1937-38)
Suite symphonique, orchestra (1944; fp. 1945)
Variations on a Theme by Eugene Goossens: Variation No. 10, "Solemne", orchestra (1944) [multi-composer work]
String Quartet No. 2 (1945)
Concerto symphonique, piano and orchestra (1947-48; fp. 1949)
Scherzo fantasque, piano and orchestra (1948; fp. 1950)
Six Preludes, organ (1949)
Concertino for Flute, Viola and String Orchestra (1950)
Four Wedding Marches, organ (1950)
Deux pièces (Two Pieces), string quartet (1938-50)
Suite hébraïque, viola (or violin) and orchestra (1951; fp. 1953)
Two Pieces, viola and piano (1951) [also published as "Meditation and Processional"]
Concerto Grosso No. 2, string quartet and string orchestra (1952; fp. 1953)
In memoriam, orchestra (1952)
Sinfonia breve, orchestra (1952; fp. 1953)
String Quartet No. 3 (1952)
String Quartet No. 4 (1953)
Symphony, trombone (or cello) and orchestra (1954; fp. 1956)
Proclamation, trumpet and orchestra (1955; fp. 1957)
Symphony in Eb, orchestra (1954-55; fp. 1956)
String Quartet No. 5 (1956)
Suite No. 1, solo cello (1956)
Suite No. 2, solo cello (1956)
Piano Quintet No. 2, piano and string quartet (1957)
Suite modale, flute and string orchestra (1957; fp. 1965)
Suite No. 3, solo cello (1957)
Suite, solo viola (1958) [final movement incomplete]
Suite No. 1, solo violin (1958)
Suite No. 2, solo violin (1958)
Two Last Poems (maybe), flute and orchestra (1958)


WORKS BY GENRE                                                            Bloch Links    ~ ~ ~    Bloch on Bloch     ~ top of page ~
Dramatic/Theater
Macbeth, opera in 3 acts (1904-09) [libretto: E. Fleg]

Orchestra
Symphonie orientale, orchestra (1896; unpublished; juvenilia)
Orientale, orchestra (1898; unpublished; juvenilia)
Danses-Populaires, orchestra (1899; unpublished; juvenilia) [2 mvts: Tres rhythme; Ronde]
Vivre - aimer, symphonic poem, orchestra (1900; unpublished; juvenilia)
Symphony in C# minor, orchestra (1901-03; fp. 1910)
Hiver, symphonic poem, orchestra (1904-05; fp. 1906)
Printemps, symphonic poem, orchestra (1904-05; fp. 1906)
Trois Poèmes Juifs (Three Jewish Poems), orchestra (1913; fp. 1917)
    - Danse
    - Rite
    - Cortege funebre
Israel, Symphony for Orchestra and 5 Solo Voices [4 women's voices and bass solo] (1912-16) [text: Ernest Bloch]
Poems of the Sea, orchestra (1922-23) [arr. from original work for piano, 1922]
    - Waves (Nov 1922)
    - Chanty (Sept 1922)
    - At Sea (Jan 1923)
In the Night, a love poem, piano or orchestra (1922)
Concerto Grosso No. 1, string orchestra, w/piano obbligato (1924-25)
Four Episodes, chamber orchestra (1926; fp. 1927)
    - Humoresque macabre
    - Obsession
    - Calm
    - Chinese
Helvetia, orchestra (1900-29; fp. 1932)
Voice in the Wilderness, symphonic poem, orchestra, w/cello obbligato (1936; fp. 1937)
Evocations, orchestra, w/2 pianos (1937; fp. 1938)
    - Contemplation
    - Houang Ti, God of War
    - Renouveau
Suite symphonique, orchestra (1944; fp. 1945)
Variations on a Theme by Eugene Goossens: Variation No. 10, "Solemne", orchestra (1944) [multi-composer work]
Concerto Grosso No. 2, string quartet and string orchestra (1952; fp. 1953)
In memoriam, orchestra (1952)
Sinfonia breve, orchestra (1952; fp. 1953)
Symphony in Eb, orchestra (1954-55; fp. 1956)

Soloist(s) w/Orchestra
Poeme concertante, violin and orchestra (1898; unpublished; juvenilia)
Concerto, violin and piano (1899; unpublished; juvenilia) [revised from "Poeme concertante", 1898]
Schelomo, rhapsodie hébraïque, cello and orchestra (1915-16; fp. 1917)
Suite, viola and orchestra (1919)
Baal Shem, 3 pictures of Hassidic life, violin and piano (1923; arr. w/orch, 1939)
Voice in the Wilderness, symphonic poem, orchestra, w/cello obbligato (1936; fp. 1937)
Violin Concerto (1937-38)
Concerto symphonique, piano and orchestra (1947-48; fp. 1949)
Scherzo fantasque, piano and orchestra (1948; fp. 1950)
Concertino for Flute, Viola and String Orchestra (1950)
Suite hébraïque, viola (or violin) and orchestra (1951; fp. 1953)
    - Rapsodie
    - Processional
    - Affirmation
Concerto Grosso No. 2, string quartet and string orchestra (1952; fp. 1953)
Symphony, trombone (or cello) and orchestra (1954; fp. 1956)
Proclamation, trumpet and orchestra (1955; fp. 1957)
Suite modale, flute and string orchestra (1957; fp. 1965)
Two Last Poems (maybe), flute and orchestra (1958)
    - Funeral music
    - "Life again? ..."

Chorus w/Orchestra
America: An Epic Rhapsody in 3 Parts, chorus and orchestra (1926)
    - 1620: The soil, the Indians, (England), the Mayflower, the landing of the Pilgrims
    - 1861-1865: Hours of joy, hours of sorrow
    - 1926: the present, the future
Avodath Hakodesh (Sacred Service), baritone, chorus and orchestra (1933)

Choral
Anthem of America, chorus (or unison or female or male chorus) (1926) [from "America: An Epic Rhapsody"]
Silent Devotion and Response, chorus (1933) [from "Avodath Hakodesh" (Sacred Service)]

Chamber
Andante, string quartet (1895; unpublished; juvenilia)
Quartet, strings (1896; unpublished; juvenilia)
String Quartet No. 1 (1916)
Night, string quartet (1923 or 1925)
Paysages (Landscapes), 3 short pieces, string quartet (1923 or 1925)
    - North
    - Alpestre
    - Tongataboo
Piano Quintet No. 1, piano and string quartet (1921-23)
Three Nocturnes, violin, cello and piano (1924)
    - Andante
    - Andante quieto
    - Tempestoso
In the Mountains, 2 sketches for string quartet (1925)
    - Dusk
    - Rustic Dance
Night, string quartet (1925)
Prélude (Recueillement), string quartet (1925)
Deux pièces (Two Pieces), string quartet (1938-50)
    - Andante Moderato
    - Allegro molto - Più lento - Tempo I
String Quartet No. 2 (1945)
String Quartet No. 3 (1952)
String Quartet No. 4 (1953)
String Quartet No. 5 (1956)
Piano Quintet No. 2, piano and string quartet (1957)

Instrument and Piano
Fantaisie, violin and piano (1897; unpublished; juvenilia)
Meditation [Ab major], violin and organ (1897; unpublished; juvenilia)
Sonata, cello and piano (1897; unpublished; juvenilia)
Fantaisie-Lied, violin and piano (1898; unpublished; juvenilia)
Serenade, violin and piano (1898; unpublished; juvenilia)
Concerto, violin and piano (1899; unpublished; juvenilia) [revised from "Poeme concertante", 1898]
Violin Sonata No. l, violin and piano (1920)
Suite, viola and orchestra (1919-20) [also for viola and piano]
Baal Shem, 3 pictures of Hassidic life, violin and piano (1923; arr. w/orch, 1939)
    - Vidui (Contrition)
    - Nigun (Improvisation)
    - Simchas Torah (Rejoicing)
Mélodie, violin and piano (1923) [see also "Melody", 1929]
From Jewish Life (3 pieces), cello and piano (1924)
    - Prayer
    - Supplication
    - Jewish Song
Meditation hebraique, cello and piano (1924)
Nuit exotique, violin and piano (1924)
Violin Sonata No. 2, "Poeme mystique", violin and piano (1924)
Abodah, violin and piano (1929)
Melody, violin and piano (1929) [see also "Mélodie", 1923]
Two Pieces, viola and piano (1951) [also published as "Meditation and Processional"]
    - Meditation
    - Processional

Solo Instrument
Suite No. 1, solo cello (1956)
Suite No. 2, solo cello (1956)
Suite No. 3, solo cello (1957)
Suite, solo viola (1958) [final movement incomplete]
Suite No. 1, solo violin (1958)
Suite No. 2, solo violin (1958)

Piano or Organ
Symphonie Funebre, piano (1895; unpublished; juvenilia)
Pastorale, piano (1896; unpublished; juvenilia)
Berceuse in D-flat major, piano (1896; unpublished; juvenilia)
Regrets, piano (1897; unpublished; juvenilia)
Lied, piano (1898; unpublished; juvenilia)
Menuet [G minor], piano (1899; unpublished; juvenilia)
Ex-voto, piano (1914)
Four Circus Pieces, piano (1922)
    - The Two "Burlingham" Brothers
    - The Clown
    - The Homeliest Woman
    - Dialogue and Dance of the Heavy-weight and the Dwarf
In the Night, a love poem, piano or orchestra (1922)
Poems of the Sea, piano (1922) [also arr. for orch]
    - Waves
    - Chanty
    - At Sea
Danse sacree, piano (1923)
Enfantines, 10 pieces for children, piano (1923) [for young pianists]
    - Lullaby
    - The Joyous Party
    - With Mother
    - Elves
    - Joyous March
    - Melody
    - Pastorale
    - Rainy Day
    - Teasing
    - Dream
Five Sketches in Sepia, piano (1923)
    - Prelude
    - Fumees sur la ville
    - Lucioles
    - Incertitude
    - Epilogue
Nirvana, poem for piano (1923)
Piano Sonata (1935)
Visions and Prophecies (5 pieces), piano (1936) [arr. from symphonic poem "Voice in the Wilderness"]
Six Preludes, organ (1949)
Four Wedding Marches, organ (1950)

Vocal
Five Inventions, for 2, 3, and 4 voices (1896; unpublished; juvenilia)
Five Inventions, for 2, 3, and 4 voices, and organ or piano (1896; unpublished; juvenilia)
Larmes d'automne, voice and piano (1897; unpublished; juvenilia)
Le Saule, voice and piano (1897; unpublished; juvenilia)
Musette, voice and piano (1897; unpublished; juvenilia)
La-Bas, voice and piano (1898; unpublished; juvenilia)
Pres de la mer, voice and piano (1898; unpublished; juvenilia)
Lied [F major], voice and piano (1900; unpublished; juvenilia)
Lied [Bb major], voice and piano (1900; unpublished; juvenilia)
Historiettes au Crépuscule (4 songs), mezzo-soprano and piano (1903-04) [text: Camille Mauclair]
    - Legendes
    - Les Fleurs
    - Ronde
    - Complainte
Poèmes d'Automne (4 songs), mezzo-soprano and orchestra (1906) [text: Beatrix Rodes]
    - La Vagabond (The Vagabond)
    - L'Abri (The Shelter)
    - Le Declin (The Waning)
    - Invocation (Invocation)
Prelude and Two Psalms, soprano and orch (1912-14) [text: Edmond Fleg] [Deux Psaumes, précédés d'un prélude orchestral]
    - Prelude
    - Psalm 114
    - Psalm 137
Psaume 22, baritone and orchestra (1914)
Israel, Symphony for Orchestra and 5 Solo Voices [4 women's voices and bass solo] (1912-16) [text: Ernest Bloch]
    - Adonai, Elohim, 5 solo voices and piano (1912-16) [arr. of last mvt of "Israel Symphony"]


BLOCH  LINKS                                                            Works by Genre    ~ ~ ~    Bloch on Bloch      ~ top of page ~
A Brief History and Analysis of Ernest Bloch's "Schelomo" (Tracie D. Price, cello.org)
Commissioning Ernest Bloch's Sacred Service (San Francisco Examiner @ flickr)
Composer Ernest Bloch Reveals Photographic Skill in Show at Oregon Jewish Museum (David Stabler, The Oregonian)
Ernest Bloch and His Supporters in Birmingham (Ernest Bloch Society)
Ernest Bloch: The Cleveland Years (1920-25) (David Z. Kushner, Min-Ad: Israel Studies in Musicology Online)
Ernest Bloch: Composer in Nature's University (Nancy Steinberg, Oregon Council for the Arts)
Ernest Bloch: A Composer’s Vision (Eric B. Johnson)
Ernest Bloch - The Natural Beauty of Agate Beach Inspired Renowned Composer (Nancy Steinberg, Oregon Coast Magazine)
Ernest Bloch's Jewish Roots Played Out in His Music (Andrew Druckenbrod, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette)
Ernest Bloch's Life and Music Are Illuminated (Joplin Independent)
Ernest Bloch's Musical Style from 1910 to 1929 . . . (Minjung Seo, NC Docks)
Remembering Ernest Bloch (1880-1959) (Pat Padua, In the Muse)

Composer website: Ernest Bloch Legacy    . . .   inquire about Ernest Bloch: here
International Ernest Bloch Society
A Young Person's Guide to Ernest Bloch (site by A. Itoh)

Bloch @ Wikipedia
Bloch @ American Music Center
Bloch @ Answers.com
Bloch @ Art of the States
Bloch @ Classic Cat
Bloch @ Classical Archives
Bloch @ Classical Composers Database
Bloch @ Classical Connect
Bloch @ Classical Net
Bloch @ ClassicsToday
Bloch @ Cleveland Jewish Radio
Bloch @ Dr. Estrella's Incredibly Abridged Dictionary of Composers
Bloch @ Edition Silvertrust
Bloch @ Facebook (1)
Bloch @ Facebook (2)
Bloch @ Hyperion Records
Bloch @ IMDb (Internet Movie Database)
Bloch @ IMSLP/Petrucci Music Library
Bloch @ Infoplease
Bloch @ InstantEncore
Bloch @ Israeli Music Competition & The Ernest Bloch Music Competition
Bloch @ The Jewish Review
Bloch @ Jewish Virtual Library
Bloch @ Karadar Classical Music
Bloch @ Klassika
Bloch @ Leo Baeck Institute
Bloch @ Library of Congress/Ernest Bloch Collection, 1888-1981
Bloch @ The Magnes Collection of Jewish Art and Life/Collection on Ernest Bloch, 1925-1972    also    here
Bloch @ Modern Classical
Bloch @ MSN Music
Bloch @ Music & Vision
Bloch @ MusicBrainz
Bloch @ MusicWeb International
Bloch @ Musinfo - The Database of Swiss Music
Bloch @ Naxos
Bloch @ The New York Times
Bloch @ NNDB
Bloch @ Online Archive of California/Inventory of the Ernest Bloch Collection, 1892-1958
Bloch @ The Oregon Encyclopedia
Bloch @ REC Music Foundation /The Lied and Art Song Texts Page
Bloch @ Regional Arts & Culture Council
Bloch @ The Robert Strassburg Collection of Ernest Bloch
Bloch @ San Francisco Conservatory of Music/Notes From the Past
Bloch @ G. Schirmer
Bloch @ Sibley Music Library-Eastman School of Music/Ernest Bloch Collection
Bloch @ Walter Simmons
Bloch @ University of California: In Memoriam

Publisher
Bloch @ Boosey & Hawkes
Bloch @ Broude
Bloch @ Carisch
Bloch @ Edition Silvertrust
Bloch @ Max Eschig
Bloch @ Carl Fischer
Bloch @ Leuckart
Bloch @ Mills
Bloch @ G. Schirmer
Bloch @ Suvini Zerboni

Streaming Audio
Bloch @ Classical Archives
Bloch @ Art of the States
Bloch @ Classical Connect
Bloch @ last.fm
Bloch @ PRX (Public Radio Exchange)
Bloch @ Rhapsody.com
Bloch @ Walter Simmons
Bloch @ SoundCloud

Recordings
Bloch @ Composer website
Bloch @ Amazon.com
Bloch @ ArkivMusic
Bloch @ CD Universe
Bloch @ ClassicsOnline
Bloch @ Discogs
Bloch @ DRAM Online
Bloch @ Hyperion Records
Bloch @ itunes
Bloch @ Smithsonian Folkways

Video
Bloch @ YouTube
Bloch @ Google Video
                                                                                                                                                                    ~ top of page ~
Bloch on Bloch: Bloch House Interviews/Ernest Bloch Project (streaming audio)
Ernest Bloch, composerComposers Speak on the Web at Pytheas
                            ~ click on composer picture to listen ~






Bloch on Bloch: Bloch Conducting the Portland Sym Orch/Univ Florida (streaming audio)
Ernest Bloch, composerComposers Speak on the Web at Pytheas
                            ~ click on composer picture to listen ~








Bloch on Bloch: Ernest Bloch: The Man and His Music/Stage and Studio (streaming audio)
Ernest Bloch, composerComposers Speak on the Web at Pytheas
                            ~ click on composer picture to listen ~







Bloch on Bloch: Remembering Oregon Composer Ernest Bloch/OPB News (streaming audio)
Ernest Bloch, composerComposers Speak on the Web at Pytheas
                            ~ click on composer picture to listen ~







. . . and check out more    Composers Speak on the Web    at Pytheas

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